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Emilia Casanova de Villaverde (1832–1897) was a Cuban political activist, most notable for her involvement in the Cuban independence movement. She founded La Liga de las Hijas de Cuba, one of the first all-women’s organizations dedicated to the Antillean emancipation struggle.〔Vega, Bernardo. Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: A Contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984.〕 ==Early life and career== Emilia Casanova de Villaverde was born into an elite Creole slaveholding family in Cuba in 1832.〔Ruiz, Vicki and Virginia Sanchez. ''Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.〕 Despite her affluent Creole upbringing, de Villaverde did not share her father's conservative views. At a banquet during her youth, with Spanish authorities in attendance, she defiantly made a toast to Cuban freedom from Spanish colonial power. By 1825, most of Spain's colonies in the Americas gained independence except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which remained under Spanish rule.〔Ferrer, Ada. ''Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1868–1898''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.〕 Cuban elites believed that Spanish colonialism would help maintain Cuba's domination of the sugar industry and prevent a slave uprising similar to the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Over the years, many inhabitants of Cuba and Puerto Rico grew dissatisfied with Spanish control, intensifying with the Ten Years' War (1868–1878), the first major rebellion challenging Spanish authority. Emilia Casanova de Villaverde first traveled to the United States in 1852, along with her father and two brothers. This trip gave her exposure to the Cuban exile community in New York and further sparked her interest in the Cuban independence movement. Although de Villaverde considered remaining in New York City to continue her education, she returned to Cuba after only three months to care for her mother back at home. On her return journey, she agreed to transport revolutionary documents on behalf of the exile community and distributed them in Cuba. At the age of twenty-two, the Casanova family moved to Philadelphia, where Emilia met and soon after married Cirilo Villaverde. Cirilo Villaverde was a Cuban poet and novelist, most notable for writing the novel Cecilia Valdes. This novel exposed the complex nature of race and class relations embedded in Cuban society.〔Hollingsworth, C. "Cirilo Villaverde and Realism: The Theme of Slavery in Cecilia Valdes." ''Caribbean Studies'' 15 (1976): 29–42.〕 Cirilo had been a politically active member of the Cuban exile community since his arrival in the United States in the 1840s.〔Poyo, Gerald. "Evolution of Cuban Separatist Thought in the Émigré Communities of the United States, 1848–1895." ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 66 (1986):485–507.〕 Like many separatists during the 1840s and 1850s, he initially believed that annexation to the United States was the only way Cuba could eventually abolish slavery. As his viewpoints evolved over time; however, Cirilo eventually favored true Cuban liberation. After marrying the couple moved to New York City, where they became actively involved in the Cuban exile community's independence movement. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emilia Casanova de Villaverde」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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